Taiwanese Three-Cup Chicken is a vibrant dish that perfectly showcases the harmony of sweet, savory, and aromatic flavors. The combination of sesame oil, soy sauce, Shaoxing wine, and fresh basil creates a delectable glaze that clings to tender chicken pieces, making every bite burst with flavor.
This classic dish is named after the equal ratio of its key seasonings: soy sauce, sesame oil, and rice wine. It’s quick to prepare and pairs wonderfully with steamed rice, making it a beloved weeknight meal for many. Whether you’re exploring Taiwanese cuisine or simply craving something comforting, Three-Cup Chicken is sure to impress.
Full Recipe:
Ingredients:
- 1 lb (450 g) chicken drumsticks or thighs, cut into chunks
- 2 tbsp sesame oil
- 6 slices of ginger
- 6 garlic cloves, smashed
- 2 dried red chilies, broken into pieces (optional)
- 1/4 cup soy sauce
- 1/4 cup Shaoxing wine (or dry sherry)
- 1/4 cup sugar
- 1 cup fresh basil leaves
Directions:
- Heat sesame oil in a large skillet or wok over medium heat.
- Add ginger slices and smashed garlic cloves. Sauté until fragrant.
- Toss in the dried red chilies, if using, and stir-fry briefly.
- Add the chicken pieces to the skillet. Cook until the chicken is lightly browned.
- Pour in soy sauce, Shaoxing wine, and sugar. Stir well to coat the chicken evenly.
- Lower the heat to a simmer, cover, and let the chicken cook for about 15-20 minutes, stirring occasionally.
- Once the sauce has thickened and the chicken is fully cooked, stir in the fresh basil leaves. Cook for another 1-2 minutes until the basil is wilted.
- Serve hot with steamed rice.
Prep Time: 10 minutes | Cooking Time: 30 minutes | Total Time: 40 minutes
Kcal: 360 kcal | Servings: 4 servings
History and Origin
Three-Cup Chicken (三杯鸡, Sān Bēi Jī) is a traditional Taiwanese dish that has gained immense popularity across Asia and beyond. Its name derives from the recipe’s equal use of three primary ingredients: soy sauce, sesame oil, and rice wine. This dish has its roots in Chinese cuisine, particularly in Jiangxi Province, but has been adapted and celebrated as a Taiwanese specialty. The inclusion of fresh basil adds a distinctly Taiwanese touch, enhancing its unique aroma and flavor.
Why It’s Called “Three-Cup Chicken”
The “three-cup” concept refers to the equal measurements of the key seasonings. While modern recipes may adjust these proportions for balance, the essence of the dish lies in its simple, flavorful combination of these three ingredients. The cooking process allows the sauce to reduce and thicken, creating a rich glaze that clings to the chicken.
Flavor Profile
Three-Cup Chicken delivers a delightful medley of tastes and aromas. The soy sauce provides a deep umami base, sesame oil adds nutty richness, and Shaoxing wine contributes a fragrant sweetness. Garlic and ginger infuse the dish with warmth, while the fresh basil adds a refreshing, herbal aroma. The optional dried chilies introduce a subtle heat, making the dish even more dynamic.
Cooking Tips
- Choose the Right Chicken: Bone-in chicken pieces, such as drumsticks or thighs, are traditional for this dish as they retain moisture and enhance the flavor during cooking. However, boneless chicken thighs or even breast pieces can work for convenience.
- Fresh Basil: Thai basil is the preferred choice for its slightly spicy and anise-like flavor, but sweet basil can be a good substitute.
- Balancing Flavors: Adjust the sugar, soy sauce, and Shaoxing wine to suit your taste preferences. Some like it sweeter, while others prefer a more savory profile.
- Cooking Heat: Keep the heat medium-low when simmering to prevent the sauce from burning while it reduces.
- Serving Suggestions: Pair this dish with steamed jasmine rice or a side of stir-fried vegetables for a complete and satisfying meal.
Variations
- Vegan/Vegetarian: Substitute chicken with firm tofu, mushrooms, or a mix of both. Use a plant-based alternative for the soy sauce and omit the Shaoxing wine or replace it with vegetable broth.
- Spicier Version: Add more dried chilies or fresh chili slices for an extra kick.
- Extra Garnishes: Some recipes include a drizzle of chili oil or a sprinkle of toasted sesame seeds for additional layers of flavor and texture.
Health Benefits
This dish is packed with protein from the chicken and antioxidants from fresh basil. The ginger and garlic also contribute immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties, making it not only delicious but also nourishing.
Interesting Fact
In Taiwan, Three-Cup Chicken is often served in sizzling clay pots to keep it warm and aromatic until the last bite. This presentation style is a nod to its traditional cooking method and enhances the dining experience.
1. Cultural Significance
Three-Cup Chicken is more than just a recipe; it’s a dish that embodies the essence of Taiwanese home cooking. Known for its simple yet impactful flavors, it’s a staple at family gatherings and a popular choice in Taiwanese restaurants worldwide. It symbolizes warmth, comfort, and the joy of sharing meals with loved ones.
2. Key Ingredients and Their Role
- Soy Sauce: Provides the foundational umami flavor, balancing the dish’s sweetness and saltiness. Traditionally, dark soy sauce is used for its deeper color and richer taste.
- Sesame Oil: Adds a nutty aroma and richness, enhancing the overall flavor complexity. Toasted sesame oil works best for authentic results.
- Shaoxing Wine: A traditional Chinese rice wine that contributes a sweet and slightly tangy note, elevating the dish’s depth. Dry sherry can be used as a substitute if Shaoxing wine is unavailable.
- Fresh Basil: The crowning glory of the dish, basil introduces a fresh, herbal fragrance that ties all the flavors together. Thai basil is the most authentic choice due to its slight licorice undertones.
- Garlic and Ginger: These aromatics infuse the dish with warmth and layers of flavor that permeate every bite.
3. Cooking Techniques
- Searing the Chicken: This step locks in the juices and ensures the meat remains tender while developing a caramelized surface that enhances the sauce’s flavor.
- Reducing the Sauce: The key to Three-Cup Chicken is allowing the sauce to thicken and coat the chicken evenly. This creates a glossy, concentrated glaze that is both visually appealing and bursting with flavor.
- Simmering: Slow cooking allows the chicken to absorb the flavors of the sauce fully, ensuring every piece is rich and flavorful.
4. Serving Suggestions
- Serve Three-Cup Chicken over steamed jasmine or short-grain rice to soak up the flavorful sauce.
- Pair it with a light vegetable stir-fry, such as bok choy or Chinese broccoli, for a balanced meal.
- For a family-style dinner, serve alongside other Taiwanese favorites like braised pork belly, scallion pancakes, or pickled vegetables.
5. Customizations and Alternatives
- Protein Options: While chicken is the classic choice, you can experiment with duck, pork belly, or even seafood like shrimp or squid.
- Vegetarian Twist: Replace chicken with tofu, eggplant, or mushrooms to create a vegetarian version without losing the dish’s signature flavor.
- Healthier Variation: Reduce the sugar slightly and opt for skinless chicken pieces for a lighter version.
6. Fun Facts and Trivia
- Despite its Taiwanese roots, Three-Cup Chicken originated in Jiangxi Province, China, before being adapted into a Taiwanese classic.
- The name “Three-Cup Chicken” is not always literal. The actual measurements often vary based on personal taste and regional preferences.
- In Taiwanese cuisine, the dish is traditionally cooked in a clay pot, which enhances its flavor and keeps it warm for longer.
7. Pro Tips for Success
- Always use fresh ingredients for the best flavor, particularly basil, garlic, and ginger.
- Stir the sauce frequently while reducing to prevent it from burning or sticking to the pan.
- If you like a bit of crunch, toss in roasted cashews or peanuts just before serving.
8. Pairing with Beverages
- For an authentic Taiwanese experience, enjoy this dish with a glass of cold oolong tea.
- Light, citrusy wines such as Sauvignon Blanc complement the dish’s sweet and savory profile.
- If you prefer beer, a crisp lager or pale ale works well with the bold flavors.
Conclusion
Taiwanese Three-Cup Chicken is a flavorful and comforting dish that embodies the essence of home cooking. With its aromatic glaze, tender chicken, and fragrant basil, it’s a true crowd-pleaser. Simple to prepare and deeply satisfying, this recipe is perfect for family dinners or special gatherings.
Whether you’re exploring Asian flavors or revisiting a classic, Three-Cup Chicken offers a delightful taste of Taiwanese cuisine. Serve it with steamed rice and your favorite sides for a meal that’s sure to impress.